اليات تفعيل عملية صنع القرار بالإدارات التعليمية المحلية في ضوء التكنولوجيا الإدارية المعاصرة

Research Abstract

Summary of the study Introduction: The twenty century has finished and carried through the last two centuries number of changes in the political and economical field in the whole world. The importance of Decision making has been in creased in the field of administration as it becomed the basic of administrative process in the different standards. So the success of the educational institution came from the ability of its leaders and its efficiency in taking the educational decision. Local educational administration is considered a connected circle between the educational division and schools that take its decisions that concerned to supervision on each activity of educational service. Although the role of local educational administrations in the process of educational decision, the actual fact refers to some problems as, centralization of educational decision, depending on traditional styles as experience and personal judgment, and there is no information that we can depend on, and the high leaderships are the only ones who make decision without any participation from institutions of society to solve the previous problems. The administration should take modern administrative formulation in making its decisions as the methods of contemporary modern technology which is one of modern directions in contemporary administrative thought problems in educational institutions and taking decision in the side of depending on big development in technology and specially the computer and its huge possibilities, achieving the democracy of administration and popular participation and extenuating the chances of dialogue and developing relations and leadership of groups. Problem of the study: Although the ministry of education did great efforts for developing the Egyptian education system and its administration such as national standards of education in September 2003, and the low number 82 in 2006 for the national institution of quality and orientation for decentralization as the decentralization of educational decision and the efforts done for reaching best process of educational decision making. There are many studies referee to the educational decision making that is still suffering from some problems on the level of local educational administrations. The important one of them:  Inactivity in the organizations of administration, as centralization in divisions and educational administrations, and using the manual systems of information.  Lack of Common styles of solving the educational andd administrative problems.  Lack of professional efficiency for some administrative leaders in the divisions and educational administration.  Centralization of educational decision as the ministry still has the control hand and doesn't give the freedom for local educational administrations in decision making, according to the local environment.  Inactivity in the lows and systems that leads to unable the educational systems to achieve demands of work and speedy in taking suitable decision.  Unsharing the necessary information for decision making and taking.  Inability of administrative leaderships that have the hand of decision making to make its leading role, and solving problems that face it in the light of changing stages and the development in the administrative machines in the current stage.  The leaderships feel fear of taking decision for solving unexpected problems.  More administrative and organized decisions that come from the central administration "council of ministry to educational administrations and divisions, and following up their achievements on the procedure level" the school administration". As the administrative technology and its different elements, mental, social ones achieves the effectiveness of educational decision making on the local educational administration standard. According to the previous points, the problem of the study can be formulated in the following main question. How can we activate the process of educational decision making in the light of contemporary administrative technology. The following questions came from that question: 1- What are the principles and stages of educational decision making process? 2- What is the contemporary administrative technology and involving its issues in the process of educational decision making? 3- What is the real situation of educational decision making process in local educational administrations? 4- What are the necessary mechanisms for activating the process of educational in the light of the contemporary administrative technology? The Objectives of the study: The current study aimed at: 1- Knowing the principles and stages of educational decision making process in local educational administrations. 2- Analyzing and studying the theoretical shape of contemporary administrative technology, its elements, and the possibility of benefiting from it in local educational administrations. 3- Knowing the opinions of administrative leaderships in the local educational administration in Beni – Suef governorate and Alex, Asuiet , El Fayoum for the extend of using the administrative technology with the different issues in making educational administration decision in local educational administrations. 4- Knowing the important obstracles of activating the process of educational decision making in local educational administrations in the light of the elements of contemporary administrative technology. 5- Reaching put mechanisms of activating the process of making educational decision in local educational administration in light of elements of contemporary administrative technology. The signifcance of the study: The importance of the study represented in the following: 1- The nature of the current age and the changes in it wheather on the local or international level, and the importance of benefiting from the miracles of that age. 2- Using the administrative technology with the different elements, mental, social ones that contribute in activating the process of making educational decision from a total prospective. 3- It stands with the opi8nion of ministry of education towards the decentralization of educational decision, and benefit from the tools of technology in educational and administrative process. 4- Knowing the tends of educational leaderships in local educational administrations toward the ability of activating making educational decision in the light of contemporary administrative technology. 5- Showing a suggestive mechanisms for activating the making of educational decision in local educational administrative technology for making atypical movement in making educational decision from one side, and solving the educational problems that face education from the second side Methodology of the study: To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive method was used to determine the concept of decision making process, the steps and atenands of its activation, the administrative technology and its different issues, and describing the fact of making educational decision process on the level of local educational administrations analyzing the information and interpreting it to know the factors and reasons that prevent the effectiveness of using the administrative technology in making educational decision and reaching the mechanisms that contribute in activating the process of making decision in local educational administrations. Tool of the study: The study used a questionnaire for the educational leaderships in local educational administration, the supervisor of the administration, the agent, in the primary, preparatory, secondary stage – the general and technical – the directors of the different stages, chills of departments, as they are responsible for making educational decisions of the local educational administrations level to know the fact of effectiveness of educational decision in local educational administration in the light of contemporary administrative technology, the obstacles and suggestions for activating them. Bounders of the study: The bounds of that study represents in: 1. Thematical ones: That represented in:  The concept of educational decision making process and types of decisions, its obstracles, steps, and local, international changes that effect on it and the demands of activating them.  The administrative technology with its different elements as information technology, communications, mental technology information systems, Berrt style, social technology, administrative democracy, social participation.  Determine the fact of educational decision making process on the level of local educational administrations in the light of contemporary administrative technology, and knowing the important mechanisms for activating the process of decision making through determine of using the technology styles in process of decision making and the obstacles, and knowing the suggestions of activating the process of educational decision making in the light of administrative technology. 2. Place field: The society of the study in the field study was local educational administrations in Beni- Suef, El Fayoum, Asuiet, Alex governorate as these administrations represent the geographical shape of the Republic of Arab Egypt. 3. Human bounders: The society of search in the field study was a sample of educational administrative leaderships in local education administrations in Beni Suef, EL Fayoum, Asuiet , and Alex governorate. 4. Time bounders: The field study was applied during the beginning of August 2008 lit the and of October 2008. Steps of the study: 1. The first step: Determine the general shape of study that includes, introduction problem of the study, objectives, importance, curriculum, tools, sources, bounds, concepts of the study, steps, and previous researches. 2. The second step: Patting a theoretical frame rounds in: A. The process of making education decision: the nature of making educational decision process, types of decisions, obstacles of process, stops, local and international variables and its reflection on the process, and the demands of activating making educational decision process. B. The administrative technology: that includes, what is the administrative technology, the evidence of using it in the process of making educational decision, the issues of contemporary administrative technology, the mechanic issue "information technology and communication", social issue, mental issue, and making decision in light of contemporary administrative thought. 3. The third step: Describe the fact of making decision process in local educational administrations and diagnose it on the theoretical side 4. The forth step: Determine the fact of making decision process in local educational administrations in light of contemporary administrative technology and anodizing it on the field level. 5. The fifth step: Putting mechanisms of activating the process of making decision in local educational administrations in light of contemporary administrative technology. The results of the study: Include : 1- Mechanisms of activating the process of educational decision. 2- Obstacles of achieving these mechanisms and the ways to overcome them. We can explain them in the following: A. Mechanism of activating the process of educational decision making. (a) The first mechanism: saving tools of information technology and communication. This mechanism: can be achieved through the following steps: 1- Make a connection between the departments of educational administration with the information net to facilitate the movement of data. 2- Saving and completing the technological devices in schools and administrations. 3- Making a site of administrations on net to facilitate information movement and its exchange with institutions of society. 4- Extending in depending on computer and providing it with date for dealing with routine decision. 5- Putting a plan for training inside educational administrations that involve programs for developing stills of using devices and technology tools in process of making educational decision. 6- Make a connection between administration in schools and educational division and universities with local information net. 7- Spreeding a culture of dealing with information and communication technology and the importance of them in making educational decision. 8- Collecting the shapes of current technology, technology development centre, place of data in local institution responsible for saving tools of technology. 9- Saving number of research sites on the internet that provide the markers of educational decision with informations that help them with educational decision making. 10- Saving programs determined for stimulating of administration with computer to train the worker on using these models in solving education problems. (B) The second mechanism: Reeping with scientific method in making eductational decision: the can be done by training the educational leaderships on scientific method in making educational decision and benefiting from styles of mental technology as system analysis and models of process researches, and Britt style in each step from steps of making educational decision as the following: First: determining problem: 1- Determine the input of problem, reasons, and outputs of necessary decisions. 2- Using drafts, diagrams and charts in showing the reasons of problem and the relation ship between them. 3- Doing studies to continuous analysis of educational system inputs and outputs to determine the places of defect. 4- Formulating of problem reasons in a number picture by a team of experts in mathematics. 5- Determining variables of controlling the searches of the problem. Second: collecting data: 1- Depending on computer in processing the data viable about the problem statistically. 2- Depending on information systems that make changing of data to information to be benefited in decision making. Third: determining alternatives: 1- Making models of data involved alternatives of solving problems. 2- Depending on systems of supporting decisions in determining the necessary solution of problem. 3- Determining the available information in formulating the different alternatives for solving problem. Fourth: evaluating alternatives: 1- Depending on the standards of evaluating alternatives of solving problems. 2- Takin a help from the analysors to determine the alternatives of solving problem and calculating the cost and benefit from each alternative that contribute in solving the problem to put in front of the takers of educational decision on the administration level. Fifth: choosing the perfect alternative "decision taking": 1- Providing the computers with several models prepared before to deal with the repetitive routine decision. 2- Depending on the systems of supporting decisions to make a dialogue between the decision makers and computers towards the extent of contributing the taken decision in solving problems and theme of decision and why we shosed it. Sixth: implemminting the decision and evaluating it: 1- Analysing the taken decision to marginal decisions and calculating the expected value from each decision. 2- Putting a time plan to achieve the decision to show the beginning, events and the end. 3- Determining an expected models of what can be achieved during achieving an educational decision. 4- Obtaining the feedback about the extent of decision ability in solving the theme of decision. (C) The fourth mechanism: Activating the educational information system with local educational administrations ,it can be done in the following steps: 1- Determining the objectives of educational information system. 2- Determining the inputs of educational information, system from material components and demanded human data. 3- Determining a system processes of data processing and changing it to data. 4- Determining the outputs of system from indicators, reports that are benefited in decision making. (D) The forth mechanism: The administrative development for the educational leadership in local educational administrations. 1- Putting a standards of efficiency besides the old choice of managers for the laddering jobs in administration. 2- Training the educational leaderships on scientific steps for educational making process. 3- Training the educational leaderships on using computer in making the educational decisions "internet, system of decision support, the enter information net". 4- Training the educational leaderships on participated styles in making the educational decision and social participation, Delphy technique, brain storm, and group technique. 5- Establishing a centre for training the administration and markers of decision on using the modern techniques in making the educational decisions. (E) The fifth mechanism: Supporting the social participation in making the educational decision. The can be done by the following steps: 1- Determining the departments and responsibilities of educational administrations, divisions, and local. 2- Supporting the decentralization of educational decision and helping the directors of administrateions in making and taking educational decisions. 3- Developing the administrative abilities and technical ones for the members of popular council about participating in making educational decision. 4- Planning for participation circles in making educational decisions and determining the objectives and the good administration. 5- Choosing the members of councils from the best characters who know about the education affairs and problems . 6- Giving a qualified program about the ability of participation in solving educational problems. 7- Giving the authorities for the councils for taking special decisions about the efficiency of some schools. The obstacles of implementing these mechanisms and the ways for overcoming them: The important obstacle expected to appeare during implementing these mechanisms are: 1- Making the shapes of technology inside the administration in a picture of separated centers "the technology development centre, data centre and others", and we can overcome them by establishing a local institution that is responsible for saving tools of technology and following tem up. 2- The role of data depended on sending data to the ministry and we can overcome it through collecting the data inside the system of information that is in the administration. 3- The weakness of suitable skills for the people who work on data in administration, and we can overcome it by continuous training and ting with material supports. 4- The weakness of infrastructure for building information net in administration and schools that follow it, and we can overcome it through the institutions of special dector as saving the necessary devices in around way. 5- There are no models for the educational decision takers for training on it, and overcome it by establishing special centers for training the makers of educational decision on several models prepared for this purpose.

Research Keywords

اليات تفعيل عملية صنع القرار بالإدارات التعليمية المحلية في ضوء التكنولوجيا الإدارية المعاصرة