Basic Informations

C.V

Master Title

"The effectiveness of a training program for the development of visual perception to reduce the learning difficulties have a junior high school students

Master Abstract

Summary Introduction: Pupils with learning disabilities have perceived attention during last few years as they become the terminal interest of teachers, conductors, parents, researchers and others. This interest has been represented in creating hypothesis and theories that illustrate these disabilities, developing educational techniques that respond to their requirements, preparing efficient teachers and doing related scientific researches. Learning disabilities field is quite one of the modern fields in education and psychology, as interest in pupils with learning disabilities has been started since the last four decades in the last century in terms of providing educational services and curative programs for this group of pupils. It also has had the interest of many scientists, researchers and specialists in different fields like Education, Educational Psychology, Neurology, Speech pathology, Physiologic Psychology and Nero Psychology. This group also has had many names or terms such as pupils with simple functional disorder in brain, pupils with brain illness, pupils with perception cognitive disabilities and at last pupils with learning disabilities. . Studies of learning disabilities field have proved that pupils with learning disabilities are under restrictions on specifity processes of preparing information, which are related to specific epistemic fields, in addition, the follower who is concerned with modern epistemic studies finds that they emphasize that information preparing processes are more sensitive to cognitive standard which confirms the importance of the specifity training in cases like that or what we can called controlled training. Cognitive representation of information is one of the most important cognitive concretes which is important for pupils with learning disabilities .Pupils with learning disabilities suffer from weakness of cognitive representation of information and depression of the working memory capacity .So hypothesis of this study are weakness of cognitive representation of pupils with learning disabilities this weakness leads to weaken their working memory capacity, and decrease in their academic achievement. The current study is concerned with preparing a training program to improve the cognitive representation standard of information. This concern has a positive effect on increasing the working memory capacity for pupils with learning disabilities on the fifth Grade of primary school. Problem of the study: The Problem of the current study is determined in the following questions:- 1- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade)? 2- Are there differences between the pre and post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? 3- Are there differences between the pre and post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the control group? 4- Are there differences between the post and follow up test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? 5- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post test of working memory capacity (and the total grade)? 6- Are there differences between the pre and post test of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? 7- Are there differences between the pre and post test of working memory capacity and the total grade) in favors of the control group? 8- Are there differences between the post and follow up test of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? Significance of the study: 1- The significance of the current study emerges from the importance of the field which it is related to; which is the field of preparing and treating information for pupils with learning disabilities. 2- There is no Arabic study-according to the researcher involves preparing a training program to improve cognitive representation of information and its effect on working memory capacity of pupils with learning disabilities. 3- Studying pupils with learning disabilities have a great important for persons who work in psychology and mental health, parents and teachers because they are burden for their families, teachers, school and the whole society. 4- We can use the measurement which this study presents in measuring cognitive representation of information and its effect on working memory capacity of pupils with learning disabilities. 5-The current study results help specialists in preparing educational programs to prepare other programs of improving cognitive representation of information and increasing the working memory capacity for pupils with learning disabilities. Objectives of the study: The current study aims at creating a training program to improve the cognitive representation of information level and to know its effect on working memory capacity of pupils with learning disabilities in the primary stage. This can be done via the following: 1- The differences between the grads of the experimental group and the control group in the post test of cognitive representation of information 2- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of the experimental group in the cognitive representation of information 3- The differences between the grades of the post and follow up tests of the experimental group in the cognitive representation of information 4- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of control group in the cognitive representation of information. 5- The differences between the grads of experimental group and control group in the post test of working memory capacity. 6- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of experimental group in the working memory capacity. 7- The differences between the grades of the post and follow up tests of the experimental group in the working memory capacity. 8- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of the control group in the working memory capacity. Method of the study: The experimental method was used because of its suitable for the nature and objectives of the study. It was depended on the two groups design; an experimental group and control group with the pre post and follow up tests of study variables. The dependent variables are the cognitive representation and the working memory capacity, whereas the program was the independent variables. Sample of the study: The study sample included (14) pupils of five primary grade with learning disabilities, were divided into two groups; experimental group (7) student, and control group (7) student from boys and girls, their age is between 10 and 11 year. Tools of the study: The tools of the study were represented in the following: (1) A test of progressive matrix "Raven" prepared by Fouad Abo Hatab (1977). (2) A test of rapide neurology survey Prepared and translated by Abd El Wahab Mohamed Kamel (2001). (3) Social, Economic, Cultural Scale of the Egyptian Family Prepared by Mohammed Bayomy Khalel. (2003). (4) A test of cognitive representation of information "Prepared by the researcher". (5) A test of working memory capacity "Prepared by the researcher". (6) The suggested training program "Prepared by the researcher". The statistical methods: The study used nonparametric statistical methods which are suitable for examining study hypotheses such as Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. The entire statistical treatments were made by SPSS (v.12). The results of the study: The present study reaches the following results. 1- There were statistical significance differences between the grads of the experimental group and the control group in the post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group. 2- There were statistical significance differences among the grads of the experimental group before the program application and after the program application of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the post application. 3- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the control group in the pre and post application of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade). 4- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the experimental group in the post and follow up test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade). 5- There were statistical significance differences among the grads of the experimental group and the control group in the post test of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group. 6- There were statistical significance differences among the grads of the experimental group before the program application and after the program application of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favour of the post application. 7- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the control group in the pre and post application of working memory capacity (and the total grade). 8- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the experimental group in the post and follow up test of working memory capacity (and the total grade). The current study results were discussed and interpreted in terms of literature review and studies relevant to the study topic. Some recommendations and suggested researches were presented which current study results showed the need for them.

PHD Title

The effectiveness of a training program to improve the level of cognitive representation of information and its impact on the capacity of working memory I have with learning difficulties

PHD Abstract

Summary Introduction: Pupils with learning disabilities have perceived attention during last few years as they become the terminal interest of teachers, conductors, parents, researchers and others. This interest has been represented in creating hypothesis and theories that illustrate these disabilities, developing educational techniques that respond to their requirements, preparing efficient teachers and doing related scientific researches. Learning disabilities field is quite one of the modern fields in education and psychology, as interest in pupils with learning disabilities has been started since the last four decades in the last century in terms of providing educational services and curative programs for this group of pupils. It also has had the interest of many scientists, researchers and specialists in different fields like Education, Educational Psychology, Neurology, Speech pathology, Physiologic Psychology and Nero Psychology. This group also has had many names or terms such as pupils with simple functional disorder in brain, pupils with brain illness, pupils with perception cognitive disabilities and at last pupils with learning disabilities. . Studies of learning disabilities field have proved that pupils with learning disabilities are under restrictions on specifity processes of preparing information, which are related to specific epistemic fields, in addition, the follower who is concerned with modern epistemic studies finds that they emphasize that information preparing processes are more sensitive to cognitive standard which confirms the importance of the specifity training in cases like that or what we can called controlled training. Cognitive representation of information is one of the most important cognitive concretes which is important for pupils with learning disabilities .Pupils with learning disabilities suffer from weakness of cognitive representation of information and depression of the working memory capacity .So hypothesis of this study are weakness of cognitive representation of pupils with learning disabilities this weakness leads to weaken their working memory capacity, and decrease in their academic achievement. The current study is concerned with preparing a training program to improve the cognitive representation standard of information. This concern has a positive effect on increasing the working memory capacity for pupils with learning disabilities on the fifth Grade of primary school. Problem of the study: The Problem of the current study is determined in the following questions:- 1- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade)? 2- Are there differences between the pre and post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? 3- Are there differences between the pre and post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the control group? 4- Are there differences between the post and follow up test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? 5- Are there differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post test of working memory capacity (and the total grade)? 6- Are there differences between the pre and post test of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? 7- Are there differences between the pre and post test of working memory capacity and the total grade) in favors of the control group? 8- Are there differences between the post and follow up test of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group? Significance of the study: 1- The significance of the current study emerges from the importance of the field which it is related to; which is the field of preparing and treating information for pupils with learning disabilities. 2- There is no Arabic study-according to the researcher involves preparing a training program to improve cognitive representation of information and its effect on working memory capacity of pupils with learning disabilities. 3- Studying pupils with learning disabilities have a great important for persons who work in psychology and mental health, parents and teachers because they are burden for their families, teachers, school and the whole society. 4- We can use the measurement which this study presents in measuring cognitive representation of information and its effect on working memory capacity of pupils with learning disabilities. 5-The current study results help specialists in preparing educational programs to prepare other programs of improving cognitive representation of information and increasing the working memory capacity for pupils with learning disabilities. Objectives of the study: The current study aims at creating a training program to improve the cognitive representation of information level and to know its effect on working memory capacity of pupils with learning disabilities in the primary stage. This can be done via the following: 1- The differences between the grads of the experimental group and the control group in the post test of cognitive representation of information 2- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of the experimental group in the cognitive representation of information 3- The differences between the grades of the post and follow up tests of the experimental group in the cognitive representation of information 4- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of control group in the cognitive representation of information. 5- The differences between the grads of experimental group and control group in the post test of working memory capacity. 6- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of experimental group in the working memory capacity. 7- The differences between the grades of the post and follow up tests of the experimental group in the working memory capacity. 8- The differences between the grades of the pre and post tests of the control group in the working memory capacity. Method of the study: The experimental method was used because of its suitable for the nature and objectives of the study. It was depended on the two groups design; an experimental group and control group with the pre post and follow up tests of study variables. The dependent variables are the cognitive representation and the working memory capacity, whereas the program was the independent variables. Sample of the study: The study sample included (14) pupils of five primary grade with learning disabilities, were divided into two groups; experimental group (7) student, and control group (7) student from boys and girls, their age is between 10 and 11 year. Tools of the study: The tools of the study were represented in the following: (1) A test of progressive matrix "Raven" prepared by Fouad Abo Hatab (1977). (2) A test of rapide neurology survey Prepared and translated by Abd El Wahab Mohamed Kamel (2001). (3) Social, Economic, Cultural Scale of the Egyptian Family Prepared by Mohammed Bayomy Khalel. (2003). (4) A test of cognitive representation of information "Prepared by the researcher". (5) A test of working memory capacity "Prepared by the researcher". (6) The suggested training program "Prepared by the researcher". The statistical methods: The study used nonparametric statistical methods which are suitable for examining study hypotheses such as Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. The entire statistical treatments were made by SPSS (v.12). The results of the study: The present study reaches the following results. 1- There were statistical significance differences between the grads of the experimental group and the control group in the post test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group. 2- There were statistical significance differences among the grads of the experimental group before the program application and after the program application of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade) in favor of the post application. 3- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the control group in the pre and post application of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade). 4- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the experimental group in the post and follow up test of cognitive representation of information (and the total grade). 5- There were statistical significance differences among the grads of the experimental group and the control group in the post test of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favor of the experimental group. 6- There were statistical significance differences among the grads of the experimental group before the program application and after the program application of working memory capacity (and the total grade) in favour of the post application. 7- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the control group in the pre and post application of working memory capacity (and the total grade). 8- There are no statistical significance differences among the grads means of the experimental group in the post and follow up test of working memory capacity (and the total grade). The current study results were discussed and interpreted in terms of literature review and studies relevant to the study topic. Some recommendations and suggested researches were presented which current study results showed the need for them.